var, let and const
Javascript ES6 was released in 2015, and introduced several new concepts to Javascript. ES6 introduced let and const object declarations, to accompany the existing var declaration. There are slight differences between variables declared using var, let, and const.
var, let and const
var declarations are either globally scoped, or locally scoped within a function. Variables declared using var are mutable objects, meaning the value can be changed after the variable is initialized. const creates an immutable object, which cannot be updated. There is a slight nuance here. The const object itself is immutable, but its properties can be changed.
When you declare a variable in Javascript, the variable is actually initialized at the top of its scope. If the variable is scoped within a function, it is initialized at the top of the function. If the variable is scoped globally within a file, it is intiialized at the top of the file. This mechanism is called hoisting. let, var and const objects are all hoisted. When var objects are hoisted, they are simply initialized, but when let and const objects are hoisted, they are fully defined.
The implementation of var can lead to some bugs. Global and local variables can share the same name, leading to local variables overwriting the value of the global variables. let, however, will create two different objects when a variable is defined with the same name in two different scopes.